Beddelka Muraayada-Uburka: Sida "Dareere Barafaysan" Birtu u jeexjeexdo Luminta Awoodda Joogtada ah

Hordhac

Transformer-ku waa "soo jeedaa" xitaa marka wax kasta oo ay quudiyaan ay hurdaan. Ilaa iyo inta ay ku xiran tahay shabagga, xudunta birta waxay si aamusnaan ah u gubtaa koronto yar si ay u sii jirto magnetized - luminta culeys la'aanta (sidoo kale loo yaqaan luminta asaasiga ama birta). Malaayiin tafatirayaasha qaybinta ah ee ku xidhan tiirarka iyo suufka lagu rakibay dhismayaasha bannaanka, khasaarahani waxa uu socdaa 24/7 tobannaan sano. Bal sawir kilso awoodda soo jiidaya xataa marka aanay karkarin. Hadda sawir isagoo qalbigiisa ku beddelaya shay illoobay sida tamartaas loo lumiyo. Walaxdaasi waa bir bir ah , waxayna gooyn kartaa khasaaraha heeganka ah 60-80%.

Mabda'a iyo Noocyada

Marka la eego heerka atamka, birta beddelka caadiga ah - birta silikoon ku jihaysan hadhuudhka, ama CRGO - waa crystal: atamka birta ahi waxay ku siman yihiin nadiifsanaan, soo noqnoqda silikoon. Mar kasta oo garoonka AC dib u noqdo (50 ama 60 jeer ilbiriqsi), xudduudaha crystal waxay ku qasbaan xayndaabyada magnetic in ay la dagaallamaan jidkooda geesaha, iyo khilaafkaasi wuxuu noqdaa kulayl ( luminta hysteresis ).

Birta amorphous way ka duwan tahay. Daawaha birta-boron-silikoon ee dhalaalaysa waxa lagu qaboojiyaa in ka badan 1,000,000 °C ilbiriqsikii - si degdeg ah atamka ayaa u qaboojinaya fowdo, dhalo u eg "dareeraha la qaboojiyey" iyada oo aan lahayn hadhuudh iska caabin ah. Natiijadu waa ribbon ku saabsan dhumucdiisuna tahay 25 micron (tobnaad-meelood meel lamination CRGO) oo leh iska caabin aad u sarreeya. Sababtoo ah ma jiraan hadhuudh crystal ah, magnetization waxay u baahan tahay tamar aad u yar.

Halbeegyada muhiimka ah ee dhaqaajiya xulashada (soo-saare kasta iyo xogta buug-gacmeed):

Khasaaraha asaasiga ah ee 1.5 T, 50 Hz: ~ 0.2-0.4 W/kg amorphous vs ~ 0.8-1.3 W/kg ee Hi-B CRGO - 60-80% dhimis.
Cufnaanta qulqulka saturation Bs: kaliya ~ 1.5-1.6 T vs ~ 2.0 T ee birta silikoon. Bs hoose waxa ay ka dhigan tahay qayb weyn oo xudunta u ah (qiyaastii 30-40% mug dheeraad ah) isla kVA.
Qodob is dulsaar: ~ 0.85-0.87 (oo ka sii daran CRGO's ~0.96), markaa xudunta boogta ayaa ka sii weyn oo ka culus.
Dabeecadda makaanikada: ribbon waa mid adag, jajaban, iyo shoog-xasaasi ah; waa in la tirtiraa ka dib marka la gooyo oo si tartiib ah loo maareeyo gaadiidka iyo ciidamada wareega gaaban.

Tusaalaha Codsiga

Transformer qaybinta 1,000 kVA ee quudiyaha deegaanka ayaa shaqeeya inta badan iftiin laakiin waxa uu sii tamar geliya 8,760 saacadood sanadkii. Iyada oo xudunta amorphous-ka ah, khasaare aan culays lahayn ayaa hoos uga dhacaya qiyaastii 1.2-1.5 kW ilaa 0.3-0.6 kW . Qiimaha caadiga ah (~$0.10/kWh), kaas oo badbaadiya nidaamka $6,000–$8,000 in ka badan nolol 30-sano ah - taas oo ah sababta adeegyado badan ay hadda u caddeeyaan cutubyo aan kala sooc lahayn oo had iyo jeer saaran, waajib raran. Akadeemiyada Sayniska ee Shiinaha ayaa ku qiyaastay in 15% kaliya ee transformers-yada jira lagu badalo kuwa aan dhalan ay badbaadin karto ilaa 9 bilyan kWh iyo 8 milyan oo tan CO₂ sanadkii .

Faham-xumada Guud iyo Xaqiiqda Madadaalada

Fikirka khaldan: "Transformer-ka amorphous waa uun ka aamusan, koronto-sameeyaha birta ka fiican." Ma aha arrin - sababtoo ah magnetostriction maaddada ("neefsashada" yar ee xudunta u ah sida ay magnetizes) ayaa ka weyn yahay birta silikoon, unugyo amorphous ah ayaa inta badan kor u qaada 2-5 dB , taas oo khuseeya guryaha ama isbitaallada. Guushu waa khasaare ee maaha aamusnaan.

Xaqiiqo xiiso leh: in 25-micron ribbon si dhakhso ah loo qaboojiyo marka loo eego birta hillaaca kuleyliya hawada - in ka badan hal milyan oo darajo ilbiriqsi kasta - taas oo ah sababta dhabta ah ee ay u dhammaato "glass" halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd crystalline.