Beddelka Horudhaca ah: Awood Socota inta Shidaalku shidan yahay

Hordhac - waxa ay tahay iyo waxa loogu talagalay

Bal qiyaas guuto baaldi ah oo biyaha gacmaha is qabsanaysa iyadoo qasabadu weli socoto . Transformer-ka hore waa "labada gacmood" kaas oo si toos ah tamarta uga dhaqaajiya wax soo saarka halka furaha ugu muhiimsan uu shido . Waa faraska xasilloon ee sahayda korantada DC-DC ee go'doonsan ee qiyaas ahaan 100 W ilaa dhowr boqol-watt oo kala duwan - Qaybaha warshadaha, sahayda "lebenka" telecom, iyo heerarka awoodda server-ka. Si ka duwan transformer-ka flyback ee ku jira xajiyaha talefanka, kuma kaydiyo tamarta xudunta magnetic; waxay si fudud u miisaamaysaa danabka oo waxay bixisaa go'doomin galvanic, iyada oo u gacangelinaysa shaqada fududaynta soo-saare gaar ah.

Mabda'a iyo noocyada

Beddelaha hore waa, nuxur ahaan, beddele baalkin go'doonsan . Marka MOSFET-ta aasaasiga ahi ay shiddo, korantada wax gelinta ayaa ka soo muuqanaysa dabaylaha aasaasiga ah waxaana loo beddelaa heerka labaad wakhtiga dhabta ah; hagaajinta sare waxa ay quudinaysaa hadda culayska iyo inductor shaandhada wax soo saarka. Taasi waa sababta soo-saarku hadda u ahaado mid siman oo dooggu uu hooseeyo.

Qabashadu waa xudunta tamarta magnetization. Xuddunta waxa loo wadaa hal jiho oo kaliya (unipolar), markaa ilaa in tamarta magneting-ka laga saaro meerto kasta mooyaane, qulqulka "wuxuu kor u socdaa" wareegga wareegga iyo xudunta udubdhexaadka ah - badiyaa burburinta wareegyada dhowr wareeg gudahood (Skyworks AN1348; Microchip SMPS Topologies). Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa dib u dajinta xudunta ah qasab .

Saddex qorshe dib u dejineed ayaa caadi ah:

Dib-u-dejinta dabaysha (jaamacad): dabayl dheeri ah, oo caadi ahaan la mid ah tirinta tirinta koowaad, waxay ku soo celisaa magnetization hadda soo gelida iyada oo loo marayo diode. Isku-dheellitirka Volt-labaad ee dib-u-dejinta wakhtiga = wakhtiga-waqtiga, markaa wareegga shaqada ugu badan waa 50% (nashqadaha wax ku oolka ah waxay isticmaalaan qiyaastii 45%).

Xakamaynta RCD : fudud, laakiin waxay ku baabi'isaa tamarta ku jirta iska celiyaha.

Xajin firfircoon : dib u warshadeeyaa tamarta oo waxay suurta gelisaa beddelka eber-voltage-ka ugu waxtarka badan.

Kala duwanaansho caan ah ayaa ah labada-dad ee hore : laba MOSFETs oo lagu daray laba diode-xajin ah ayaa si toos ah u soo celiya tamarta magnetization-ka, ku dheji korantada beddelka gelinta, uma baahna dib-u-dejin (Microchip; ElectronicsGuide).

Tusaalaha codsiga

Tixgeli sahayda isgaadhsiinta ee 120 W, 48 V oo laga quudiyo baska 36-72 V. Transformer-ku wuxuu hoos u dhigaa korantada wuxuuna go'doomiyaa 48 V tareenada. Wax soo saarku wuxuu u hoggaansamaa qiyaas ahaan VOUT ≈ VIN × D × (NS/NP); Marka la eego hoos u dhaca koontarooluhu waxa uu kor u qaadayaa wareegga waajibaadka D ee dhanka, laakiin waligiis ma dhaafin, 50% si loo ilaaliyo dib udajinta aasaasiga ah. Horudhac waxaa laga soo qaaday duulista halkan sababtoo ah inductor-ka joogtada ah wuxuu siinayaa wax soo saar hooseeya iyo kan sare ee RMS hadda - markaa khasaaraha naxaasta - wuu hooseeyaa; Waxtarka 85-95% waa mid caadi ah (PowerElectronicTips; Hackatronic).

Khalad guud & xaqiiqo madadaalo leh

Fikirka khaldan: "Transformer-ka hore iyo kan duulidu waa isku beddelo yar oo isku mid ah - kaliya beddel iyaga." Khalad. Transformer-ka dib-u-soo-baxa ah runtii waa inductor-ka la-xidhay oo leh xudunta hawada-kala-baxsan oo kaydisa tamarta; Transformer-ka hore waa koronto-bixiye run ah oo leh awood sare, xudunta aan kala go'a lahayn oo ay tahay in aan kaydin tamarta. Ku rid qayb dib-u-duulid wareegga hore wayna dhergi doontaa.

Xaqiiqo xiiso leh: Sababtoo ah MOSFET hal-wareeg ah waa in ay xannibtaa ilaa 2 × VIN inta lagu jiro dib-u-dejinta, naqshadeeyayaasha inta badan waxay door bidaan labada-beddelka hore - diodes-keedu waxay ku adkeeyaan walbahaarka VIN kaliya, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in ka jaban, 400-500 V qalabyada 220 V dhexda (ON Semiconductor).