Qaabka Bedelka (Soo noqnoqoshada Sare) Transformers: Waa maxay sababta uu Taleefankaagu Charger u yar yahay

Waa maxay, af cad

Bal qiyaas haanta biyaha oo buuxinaysa inta uu xidhmayo oo ka faaruqinayo tuubada marka uu furmo. Qalabka korantada ee habka beddelka (SMPS) wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa isla fikradda. Si ka duwan transformer-ka culus ee birta ah ee gambaleelka hore ee si toos ah u shaqeeya 50/60 Hz dhexda dhexe, Transformer-ka yar ee ku dhex jira xajiyaha talefankaaga waxa uu daaraa wakhtigan tobanaan kun oo jeer ilbiriqsi kasta. Xawaaraha beddelka sare waa khiyaamada ka dhigaysa mid yar, iftiin, oo hufan - waana sababta ay qaybtani u fadhido wadnaha ku dhawaad ​​qalab kasta oo elektaroonik ah oo casri ah.

Mabda'a iyo noocyada

Inta badan nashqadaha tamarta hoose, transformer-ka SMPS runtii waa inductor-ka-wada jira halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa transformer-ka qadiimiga ah (sida uu qabo IEEE Technology Navigator). Inta lagu jiro mudada shiditaanka, koorsada koowaad ee hadda kor ayey u kacaysaa ka dib di/dt = Vin / Lp (halka Lp uu yahay inductance-ka aasaasiga ah) iyo tamarta ayaa lagu kaydiyaa xudunta magnetic. Marka daaruhu furmo, garoonku wuu dumaa oo tamartaas ayaa loo sii daayaa dugsiga sare ee go'doonsan. Sababtoo ah labada dabaylo waligood isku mar ma wada dhaqmaan, farqiga hawo ee xudunta ferrite ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah kaydinta tamarta iyada oo aan la buuxin (Naqshadaynta Electronic, "Mind the gap").

Duubabka caadiga ah waa duulista (qiyaastii 5-150 W, hal beddel, dhowr wax soo saar oo go'doonsan), hore, iyo resonant LLC. Koofiyadaha Ferrite (manganese-zinc ama nikkel-zinc) ayaa ah doorashada caadiga ah ee 20 kHz ilaa dhowr boqol-kHz kala duwan.

Halbeegyada muhiimka ah waa in injineerku dejiyaa

• Isbeddelka saamiga Np:Ns - oo ay weheliso wareegga shaqada D waxay dejisaa tamarta wax soo saarka (ROHM: D = (Vout + Vf) · Np/Ns / (Vin + (Vout + Vf) · Np/Ns)).

• Magnetization aasaasiga ah ee Lp - wuxuu dejiyaa tamarta hadda jirta iyo tamarta kaydsan ee ugu sarreysa (E = ½ · Lp · Ip²).

• Lulida cufnaanta ugu badan - ku hay Bmax ≤ qiyaastii 0.4 T 100 °C (Qoraalka naqshadeynta ROHM) si aad uga fogaato qulqulka.

• Inductance-ka-soo-baxa - waxay sababtaa korontada damisa oo u baahan snubbers ama xirmooyinka firfircoon (sida ku cad tixraacyada naqshadaynta duulista ee Texas Instruments).

Tusaalaha codsiga

Adapter-ka 12 V/2.5 W, beddelka duuliyaha wuxuu caadi ahaan adeegsadaa EP7 ama EE16 ferrite core, Lp ≈ 30–250 µH, Np: Ns ≈ 5:1, isagoo u wareegaya meel u dhow 65–140 kHz (Texas Instruments, ROHM). Go'doominta Galvanic ee u dhaxaysa hoose iyo sare waxaa bixiya nidaamka dahaarka dabaysha iyo masaafooyinka gurguurta/nadiifinta - qaybta muhiimka ah ee badbaadada ee naqshadeynta.

Khalad guud iyo xaqiiqo xiiso leh

Fikrad khaldan: "Transformer waa transformer - Kaliya waxaan ku ridi karaa 50/60 Hz." Khalad. Ku socodsii transformer-ka SMPS inta jeer ee xariiqda oo isla markaaba wuu buuxsamaa, sababtoo ah sharciga Faraday wuxuu u baahan yahay soo noqnoqosho sare (ama xuddun weyn) si uu ugu jiro xadka qulqulka.

Xaqiiqo xiiso leh: Isla mabda'a duullimaadyada ee isku midka ah ayaa mar soo saaray 15-30 kV danab koronto gudaha TV-yada CRT - waa meesha magaca "duulidda" uu ka yimid.

Heerka badbaadada

Transformers-yada noocaan ah waxaa maamula IEC 61558-2-16: 2021 Shuruudo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay unugyada korantada ee habka beddelka iyo beddelka unugyada qalabka korontada ee loo isticmaalo IEC 61558-1: 2017 . Marka loo eego IEC, waxay dabooshaa SMPS-qaboojiye leh koronto sahayda lagu qiimeeyay ≤ 1100 V AC, soo noqnoqda sahayda ≤ 500 Hz, inta jeer ee hawlgalka gudaha> 500 Hz ilaa 100 MHz, iyo wax soo saarka la qiimeeyay ≤ 1 kVA ama 1 kW. Badbaadada heerka nidaamka ayaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa inay tixraacdo IEC 62368-1.